Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Regulates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Suppressing the HIF-1α/JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway to Attenuate Osteoarthritis

Abstract Hydroxysafflor yellow A is extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae, and has extensive pharmacological properties. In this study, interleukin-1 beta was used to establish the osteoarthritis model in vitro , impacts of hydroxysafflor on cell were analyzed. CCK8 measure viability, flow cytometry evaluate apoptosis reactive oxygen species. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed calculate release inflammatory cytokines oxidative stress index. Western blotting expression collagen-related proteins. The protein levels HIF-1α/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway also measured. results showed that promoted viability inhibited stress. addition, quinochalcone C -glycoside upregulated collagen II Sry-related HMG box-9, while downregulating matrix metalloproteinase-13. Interleukin-1 induced high interleukin-6 tumor necrosis factor-α by A. Meanwhile, beta–induced species malondialdehyde enhanced low superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, downregulated mRNA HIF-1α, JAK, STAT3, as well p-JAK, p-STAT3. suggest JAK/STAT3 pathways inhibiting HIF-1α. Therefore, regulates response . Graphical abstract